Kléber, André G., and Yoram Rudy. Basic Mechanisms of Cardiac Impulse Propagation and
Associated Arrhythmias. Physiol Rev 84: 431–488, 2004; 10.1152/physrev. 00025.2003 …

The heart is vital for biological function in almost all chordates, including humans. It beats
continually throughout our life, supplying the body with oxygen and nutrients while removing …

Slowed myocardial conduction velocity (θ) is associated with an increased risk of re-entrant
excitation, predisposing to cardiac arrhythmia. θ is determined by the ion channel and …

Heart Failure (HF) is associated with an increased risk of sudden death caused by
ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Recent studies have implicated repolarization abnormalities …

Objectives: Gap junctions (GJ) are important determinants of conduction. In advanced heart
failure alterations of the major ventricular GJ protein, connexin 43 (Cx43) are found …

Electrical activation of the heart requires cell–cell transfer of current via gap junctions, arrays
of densely packed protein channels that permit intercellular passage of ions and small …

Mechanical stretch is thought to play an important role in remodeling atrial and ventricular
myocardium and may produce substrates that promote arrhythmogenesis. In the present …

The epicardial border zone (EBZ) of canine infarcts has increased anisotropy because of
transverse conduction slowing. It remains unknown whether changes in gap junctional …

With the advent of new information about alterations of cardiac gap junctions in disease
conditions associated with arrhythmias, there have been major advances in the genetic and …

Aging and Atrial Fibrillation. Introduction: Aging is associated with atrial interstitial fibrosis
and increased incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that aged rats are …