As methods for automated scoring of constructed‐response items become more widely
adopted in state assessments, and are used in more consequential operational …

Writing skills are essential for success in K-12 and post-secondary settings. Yet, more than
two-thirds of students in the United States fail to achieve grade-level proficiency in writing …

This study examined the validity evidence of automated scores across English learners
(ELs) and non-EL test takers in a statewide summative writing assessment. Writing …

Automated scoring refers to the use of statistical and computational linguistic methods to
assign scores or labels to examinee responses to unconstrained open-ended test items …

In this study, we propose an efficient way to combine human and automated scoring to
increase the reliability and validity of a system used to assess spoken responses in the …

Human essay grading is a laborious task that can consume much time and effort. Automated
Essay Scoring (AES) has thus been proposed as a fast and effective solution to the problem …

In large-scale educational assessments, the use of automated scoring has recently become
quite common. While the majority of student responses can be processed and scored …

The state of the art in machine-learning scoring has evolved in recent years to achieve gains
in accuracy in a number of predictive tasks. Older models used feature-based approaches …

• Background: It is important for developers of automated scoring systems to ensure that their
systems are as fair and valid as possible. This commitment means evaluating the …

Test takers in high-stakes speaking assessments may try to inflate their scores by providing
a response to a question that they are more familiar with instead of the question presented in …