X-linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) is the most frequent cause of hypophosphataemia-
associated rickets of genetic origin and is associated with high levels of the phosphaturic …

The physiological process of biomineralization is complex and deviation from it leads to a
variety of diseases. Progress in the past 10 years has enhanced understanding of the …

The major mineralized tissues are bone and teeth, which share several mechanisms
governing their development and mineralization. This crossover includes the hormones that …

Bone has a complex hierarchical structure with structural integration from nm to cm. The
understanding of bone structure is developing rapidly due to improvements in available …

The periodontal complex is essential for tooth attachment and function and includes the
mineralized tissues, cementum and alveolar bone, separated by the unmineralized …

We review here the Stenciling Principle for extracellular matrix mineralization that describes
a double-negative process (inhibition of inhibitors) that promotes mineralization in bone and …

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), one of the endocrine fibroblast growth factors,
is a principal regulator in the maintenance of serum phosphorus concentration. Binding to its …

In bone, structural components such as mineral extend across length scales to provide
essential biomechanical functions. Using X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT), and …

Biomineralization is remarkably diverse and provides myriad functions across many
organismal systems. Biomineralization processes typically produce hardened, hierarchically …

ABSTRACT FGF23 is an important hormonal regulator of phosphate homeostasis. Together
with its co receptor Klotho, it modulates phosphate reabsorption and both 1α hydroxylation …