The study of plant mitochondria started in earnest around 1950 with the first isolations of
mitochondria from animal and plant tissues. The first 35 years were spent establishing the …

Nitrogen (N) availability is a major factor determining plant growth and productivity. Plants
acquire inorganic N from the soil, mainly in the form of nitrate and ammonium. To date …

Plants use nitrate, ammonium, and organic nitrogen in the soil as nitrogen sources. Since
the elevated CO2 environment predicted for the near future will reduce nitrate utilization by …

Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and basic metabolic processes. The
application of nitrogen-containing fertilizer increases yield, which has been a substantial …

Ammonium is a major inorganic nitrogen source for plants. At low external supplies,
ammonium promotes plant growth, while at high external supplies it causes toxicity …

Ammonium sensitivity of plants is a worldwide problem, constraining crop production.
Prolonged application of ammonium as the sole nitrogen source may result in physiological …

Ammonia (ammonium ion under physiological conditions) is one of the key nitrogen sources
in cellular amino acid biosynthesis. It is continuously produced in living organisms by a …

The enzymatic controlled metabolic processes in cells occur at their optimized pH ranges,
therefore cellular pH homeostasis is fundamental for life. In plants, the nitrogen (N) source …

Morphological plasticity of root systems is critically important for plant survival because it
allows plants to optimize their capacity to take up water and nutrients from the soil …

Ion transport in plants is not only strictly regulated on a transcriptional level, but it is also
regulated posttranslationally. Enzyme modifications such as phosphorylation provide rapid …