For decades, numerous seminal studies have built our understanding of the locus coeruleus
(LC), the vertebrate brain's principal noradrenergic system. Containing a numerically small …

Major depression is a debilitating and recurrent disorder with a substantial lifetime risk and a
high social cost. Depressed patients generally display co-morbid symptoms, and depression …

Sleep, like breathing, is a biologic rhythm that is actively generated by the brain. Neuronal
networks that have evolved to regulate naturally occurring sleep preferentially modulate …

Objective Recent clinical trials have included patient complaints of nightmares as a category
of reportable medication side effects. This study integrates that data into current …

Sleep and rest can be satisfactorily explained as adaptive states 1, 2 whose core function is
energy conservation and behavioral regulation. In addition to these functions, certain …

Ever since the discovery of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), studies have been
undertaken to understand its necessity, function and mechanism of action on normal …

Mathematical modeling has played a significant role in building our understanding of sleep–
wake and circadian behavior. Over the past 40 years, phenomenological models, including …

Many neurodegenerative disorders are associated with rapid eye movement sleep (REMS)
loss; however, the mechanism was unknown. As REMS loss elevates noradrenaline (NA) …

It has been established that sleep deprivation (SD) reduces the proliferation of neuronal
precursors in the adult hippocampus. It has also been reported that psychostimulant drugs …

Sojourners to high altitude experience poor-quality of sleep due to hypobaric hypoxia (HH).
Brain neurotransmitters are the key regulators of sleep wakefulness. Scientific literature has …