Highlights•Recent experiments and modelling which have advance wall mechanics are
described.•A need for understanding growth mechanics within 3D contexts is raised.•A call …

Plant growth research produces a catalogue of complex open questions. We argue that
plant growth is a highly mechanical process, and that mathematics gives an underlying …

The link between genetic regulation and the definition of form and size during
morphogenesis remains largely an open question in both plant and animal biology. This is …

Root anatomy is an important determinant of root metabolic costs, soil exploration, and soil
resource capture. Root anatomy varies substantially within and among plant species …

Symmetric tissue alignment is pivotal to the functions of plant vascular tissue, such as long-
distance molecular transport and lateral organ formation. During the vascular development …

Organ morphogenesis is the process of shape acquisition initiated with a small reservoir of
undifferentiated cells. In plants, morphogenesis is a complex endeavor that comprises a …

Complex morphology is an evolutionary outcome of phenotypic diversification. In some
carnivorous plants, the ancestral planar leaf has been modified to form a pitcher shape …

The growth of plant organs is a complex process powered by osmosis that attracts water
inside the cells; this influx induces simultaneously an elastic extension of the walls and …

Plants develop new organs to adjust their bodies to dynamic changes in the environment.
How independent organs achieve anisotropic shapes and polarities is poorly understood …

Root elongation and bending require the coordinated expansion of multiple cells of different
types. These processes are regulated by the action of hormones that can target distinct cell …