Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that are best-known
for their role in host defence from infection. Emerging evidence also suggests that TLRs …

Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most frequent and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor
and remains a therapeutic challenge: even after multimodal therapy, median survival of …

Effective drug delivery and prevention of postoperative recurrence are significant challenges
for current glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. Poor drug delivery is mainly due to the presence …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane receptors that recognize various
pathogen-and damage-associated molecular pattern molecules playing an important role in …

Glioma represents a fast proliferating and highly invasive brain tumor which is resistant to
current therapies and invariably recurs. Despite some advancements in anti-glioma …

It is well known that glioma is currently the most malignant brain tumor. Because of the
existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and tumor cell heterogeneity, systemic chemotherapy …

Malignant gliomas contain stroma and a variety of immune cells including abundant
activated microglia/macrophages. Mounting evidence indicates that the glioma …

Brain cancers carry bleak prognoses, with therapeutic advances helping only a minority of
patients over the past decade. The brain tumour microenvironment (TME) is highly …

Members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family play key roles in both innate and adaptive
immune responses. TLR proteins enable host to recognize a large number of pathogen …

The innate immune pathway is receiving increasing attention in cancer therapy. This
pathway is ubiquitous across various cell types, not only in innate immune cells but also in …