Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is responsible for
coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) that infected more than 760 million people …

The pathobiology of respiratory failure in COVID-19 consists of a complex interplay between
viral cytopathic effects and a dysregulated host immune response. In critically ill patients …

BAMBI (bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) is a
transmembrane pseudoreceptor structurally related to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β …

The African continent reported the least number of COVID-19 cases and deaths of all the
continents, although the exact reasons for this are still unclear. In addition, little is known …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), like other viruses, can
induce proliferation of myofibroblasts and even lead to fibrosis in the lung. Epithelial …

The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic caused by the infection of SARS-CoV-2, has become a
global crisis, threatening public health and disrupting global economy. Until now, effective …

Thrombotic microangiopathy has been identified as a dominant mechanism for increased
mortality and morbidity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the context of severe …

Background COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) can affect multiple organ systems, including the pulmonary vasculature. Endothelial …

The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported
in China and is responsible for Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Despite being well …

Organ scarring, referred to as fibrosis, results from a failed wound-healing response to
chronic tissue injury and is characterised by the aberrant accumulation of various …