Executive summary Liver diseases have become a major health threat across Europe, and
the face of European hepatology is changing due to the cure of viral hepatitis C and the …

The clinical course of cirrhosis is mostly determined by the progressive increase of portal
hypertension, hyperdynamic circulation, bacterial translocation and activation of systemic …

The natural history of cirrhosis is characterised by an asymptomatic compensated phase
followed by a decompensated phase, marked by the development of overt clinical signs, the …

Patients with cirrhosis have a high risk of bacterial infections. Bacterial infections induce
systemic inflammation that may lead to organ failure and acute‐on‐chronic liver failure …

Patients with cirrhosis are susceptible to develop infections because of immune dysfunction,
changes in microbiome and increase in bacterial translocation from the gut to systemic …

The cause of pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is unknown in up to 40% of cases. Evidence
suggests that aberrant immune system activation may play a role. We hypothesized that …

Sepsis in patients with cirrhosis is associated with high mortality. An impaired immune
response accounts for the increased infection risk observed in these patients. Hemodynamic …

Management of decompensated cirrhosis is currently geared towards the treatment of
complications once they occur. To date there is no established disease-modifying therapy …

Portal hypertension and ascites are two crucial events in the natural history of liver cirrhosis,
whose appearance marks a downward shift in the prognosis of the disease. Over the years …

Background Heart rate variability (HRV) is reduced in cirrhosis and in conditions of systemic
inflammation. Whether HRV is associated with cirrhosis decompensation and development …