The macrophages contribute to host defense against intracellular pathogens such as
mycobacteria. Mycobacteria interact with macrophages altering their polarization state …

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key metabolic regulator, plays an essential role in
the maintenance of energy balance in response to stress. Tuberculosis (TB), primarily …

One-third of people with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa start antiretroviral therapy (ART) with
advanced disease. We investigated associations between immune biomarkers and mortality …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Propolis is a natural product produced by honeybees used
as a medicine at least to 300 BC. In the last decades, several studies showed biological and …

Background Tuberculosis (TB) and AIDS are the leading causes of infectious diseases
death worldwide. Here, we investigated the relationship between from single nucleotide …

Dual-drug-loaded lipid nanoparticle formulations (LNFs) namely solid lipid nanoparticles
(SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carrier (are also solid lipid nanoparticles-a new generation …

Monocytes and macrophages constitute the first line of defense of the immune system
against external pathogens. Macrophages have a highly plastic phenotype depending on …

The microbiota of the gut–lung axis affects local and far-reaching immune responses and
might also trigger chronic and inflammatory diseases. We hypothesized that gut dysbiosis …

Highlights•An absence of immune correlates of protection is a barrier to vaccine
development.•The immune mechanisms behind tuberculosis progression are not …

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract quickly becomes densely populated with foreign
microorganisms shortly after birth, thereby establishing a lifelong presence of a microbial …