Mitochondria are the energy center of the cell. They are found in the cell cytoplasm as
dynamic networks where they adapt energy production based on the cell's needs. They are …

Cells constantly adapt their metabolism to meet their energy needs and respond to nutrient
availability. Eukaryotes have evolved a very sophisticated system to sense low cellular ATP …

Macrophages and neutrophils play a decisive role in host responses to intracellular bacteria
including the agent of tuberculosis (TB), M ycobacterium tuberculosis as they represent the …

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is in charge of numerous
catabolic and anabolic signaling pathways to sustain appropriate intracellular adenosine …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders caused by various
genetic and environmental factors that result in synaptic abnormalities. ASD development is …

Autophagy and inflammation are 2 fundamental biological processes involved in both
physiological and pathological conditions. Through its crucial role in maintaining cellular …

Microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation plays a dual role in various brain diseases due to
distinct microglial phenotypes, including deleterious M1 and neuroprotective M2. There is …

Tuberculosis (TB), which is primarily caused by the major etiologic agent Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a serious infectious disease worldwide. Recently, much effort …

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain;
however, the roles of GABA in antimicrobial host defenses are largely unknown. Here we …

The role of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPAR-α) in innate host defense is
largely unknown. In this study, we show that PPAR-α is essential for antimycobacterial …