Background During the COVID‐19 pandemic, online learning has played an increasingly
crucial role in the educational system. Academic dishonesty (AD) in online learning is a …

Assessment is an integral part of online education, much like traditional classroom
education. During the online assessment, evaluation of the learning outcomes presents …

Background Academic dishonesty (AD) and trustworthy assessment (TA) are fundamental
issues in the context of an online assessment. However, little systematic work currently …

Security and usability are often thought of as being contradictive in nature. One affects the
other negatively. The relation and trade-offs between usability and security must be detected …

There has been a phenomenal increase in the use of web applications in every facet of
human endeavor. From education, healthcare, banking, business to governance and so …

As the world reeled from the realization that a pandemic of a magnitude not seen in a
century was upon us, and that physical distancing to reduce the speed of transmission was …

The current research efforts in the security domain are essentially inspired by the intention to
ensure both healthcare software's security and usability. Practitioners are continuously …

Indubitably, security is an integral aspect of the development of quality software. More
importantly, usability is also an elemental and pivotal factor for developing quality software …

Online exams, based on multiple-choice questions (MCQs), offer many positive features as
an assessment format: flexibility, inclusivity, reduced cost, broad curriculum coverage, and …

Many institutions are making the move from pen and paper to online examinations, but the
literature offers relatively few critical reflections on the ramifications of such a shift. This …