A record of the geomagnetic field on the ground sometimes shows smooth daily variations
on the order of a few tens of nano teslas. These daily variations, commonly known as Sq, are …

Abstract The Ionospheric Connection Explorer, or ICON, is a new NASA Explorer mission
that will explore the boundary between Earth and space to understand the physical …

Ionospheres provides a comprehensive description of the physical, plasma and chemical
processes controlling the behavior of ionospheres. The relevant transport equations and …

We have used five years of measurements on board the ROCSAT‐1 satellite to develop a
detailed quiet time global empirical model for equatorial F region vertical plasma drifts. This …

The seasonal and interannual variability of migrating (Sun‐synchronous) and nonmigrating
solar atmospheric tides at altitudes between 100 and 116 km are investigated using …

There are several external sources of ionospheric forcing, including these are solar wind-
magnetospheric processes and lower atmospheric winds and waves. In this work we review …

Research topics on the global electrical circuit are addressed that have received attention in
recent years. These topics include the diurnal variation of the global circuit, surface …

Recent observations and model simulations demonstrate unequivocally that non‐Sun‐
synchronous (nonmigrating) tides due to deep tropical convection produce large …

We report on a series of simulations with the National Center for Atmospheric Research
(NCAR) thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model …

At the turn of the century RG Roble advanced an ambitious program of developing an
atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) extending from the surface to the exosphere …