Substance use in adolescence is a known risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric
and substance use disorders in adulthood. This is in part due to the fact that critical aspects …

Microglia are immune-competent cells that are critically involved in maintaining normal brain
function. A prominent characteristic of Alzheimer disease (AD) is microglial proliferation and …

Microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, play a pivotal role in the
modulation of neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation has been implicated in many diseases …

Binge or chronic alcohol consumption causes neuroinflammation and leads to alcohol use
disorder (AUD). AUD not only affects the central nervous system (CNS) but also leads to …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by synaptic dysfunction accompanied by the
microscopically visible accumulation of pathological protein deposits and cellular dystrophy …

In humans, the negative effects of alcohol are linked to immune dysfunction in both the
periphery and the brain. Yet acute effects of alcohol on the neuroimmune system and its …

Adolescent alcohol use can permanently alter brain function and lead to poor health
outcomes in adulthood. Emerging evidence suggests that alcohol use can predispose …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by
cognitive impairment and memory loss. Epidemiological evidence suggests that heavy …

Clinical studies suggest that women are more likely than men to relapse to alcohol drinking
in response to stress; however, the mechanisms underlying this sex difference are not well …

Evidence that glial cells influence behavior has been gaining a steady foothold in scientific
literature. Out of the five main subtypes of glial cells in the brain, astrocytes and microglia …