The prevailing mid-latitude westerly winds, known as the westerlies, are a fundamental
component of the climate system because they have a crucial role in driving surface ocean …

Abstract The Miocene epoch, spanning 23.03–5.33 Ma, was a dynamic climate of sustained,
polar amplified warmth. Miocene atmospheric CO2 concentrations are typically …

The drivers of the evolution of the South Asian Monsoon remain widely debated. An
intensification of monsoonal rainfall recorded in terrestrial and marine sediment archives …

Estimates of the permafrost-climate feedback vary in magnitude and sign, partly because
permafrost carbon stability in warmer-than-present conditions is not well constrained. Here …

Three new equilibrium mid‐Pliocene (MP) simulations are implemented with the Community
Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) and Community Earth System Model versions 1.2 …

Geologic intervals of sustained warmth such as the mid-Pliocene Warm Period can inform
our understanding of future climate change, including the long-term consequences of …

Despite tectonic conditions and atmospheric CO 2 levels (pCO 2) similar to those of present-
day, geological reconstructions from the mid-Pliocene (3.3-3.0 Ma) document high lake …

Paleoclimate modelling has long been regarded as a strong out-of-sample test-bed of the
climate models that are used for the projection of future climate changes. For the first time …

Central Asia hosts the most extensive and highest topography on Earth, which is the result of
the feedbacks among rock uplift, atmospheric circulation and moisture transport, and …

Based on inferences from proxy records the Miocene (23.03–5.33 Ma) was a time of
amplified polar warmth compared to today. However, it remains a challenge to simulate a …