Solid tumors are complex organ-like structures that consist not only of tumor cells but also of
vasculature, extracellular matrix (ECM), stromal, and immune cells. Often, this tumor …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important component of the tumor microenvironment
(TME), having several important roles related to the hallmarks of cancer. In cancer, multiple …

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play important roles in mammalian growth, development,
aging, and diseases. Aberrant IGFs signaling may lead to malignant transformation and …

Patient-derived organoids resemble the biology of tissues and tumors, enabling ex vivo
modeling of human diseases. They have heterogeneous morphologies with unclear …

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase with key roles in the
regulation of cell adhesion migration, proliferation and survival. In cancer FAK is a major …

Simple Summary This review depicts the principal mechanisms involved in the process of
stromal desmoplasia characterizing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim of …

Activating KRAS mutations are found in over 90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas
(PDACs), yet KRAS has remained a difficult target to inhibit pharmacologically. Here, we …

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway senses and integrates various
environmental and intracellular cues to regulate cell growth and proliferation. As a key …

Cells maintain and dynamically change their proteomes according to the environment and
their needs. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of proteostasis …

The serine/threonine kinase AKT, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), is the major
substrate to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and consists of three paralogs: AKT1 (PKBα) …