Highlights•Animal models of risky decision-making are important for probing
neurobiology.•Tasks have been developed to evaluate risky decision-making in rodents and …

Foraging is risk sensitive if choices depend on the variability of returns from the options as
well as their mean return. Risk‐sensitive foraging is important in behavioural ecology …

Metacognition refers to the use of one's cognitive processes to coordinate behavior. Many
higher cognitive functions such as feeling-of-knowing judgment and theory of mind are …

Owing to the trade-off between time for searching for and exploiting resources, choosing a
profitable food resource is key for an animal's survival and reproductive success. Although …

Game spaces in which an organism must repeatedly compete with an opponent for mutually
exclusive outcomes are critical methodologies for understanding decision-making under …

Humans and other primates share many decision biases, among them our subjective
distortion of objective probabilities. When making choices between uncertain rewards we …

The present experiment investigated early-rearing environment modulation of individual
differences in impulsive and risky choice. Rats were reared in an isolated condition (IC; n …

Individual differences in impulsive and risky choice are key risk factors for a variety of
maladaptive behaviors such as drug abuse, gambling, and obesity. In our rat model, ordered …

To date, horses have seemed capable of using human local enhancement cues only when
the experimenter remains close to the reward, since they fail to understand the …

Choice behavior combines discrimination between distinctive outcomes, preference for
specific outcomes and relative valuation of comparable outcomes. Previous work has …