An apparatus may include a processor configured to receive a security certificate request
from a remote device comprising a public key of the remote device and an authentication …

The hybrid virtual account and token-based digital cash pro tocols provide a user with many
pairs of secret and public keys. One of the pairs is the master pair, which consists of one …

The virtual account and token-based digital cash token protocols use a combination of blind
digital signatures and pseudonym authentication with at least two pairs of public and private …

Paillier-based blind decryption. A user device obtains a first Paillier Paillier ciphertext c for a
message m, generates a blinded Paillier ciphertext co by calculating co-c mod N, sends the …