Phenotypic changes or phase variation within biofilms is an important feature of bacterial
dormant life. Enhanced resistance to antimicrobials is one of the distinct features displayed …

The endospores (spores) of many Bacillus cereus sensu lato species are decorated with
multiple hair/pilus-like appendages. Although they have been observed for more than 50 …

Twenty-one strains of Bacillus (10 B. stearothermophilus, 3 B. cereus, and 8 B. licheniformis
strains) were assayed for spore surface hydrophobicity on the basis of three measures …

This book describes various methods of decontamination and how the methods work. There
is a discussion of the various cleaning and disinfection methods utilized, along with details …

Paper strips inoculated with spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 7953 were
conventionally dried (lot 1) and lyophilized (lot 2); stored in defined environments of 32 and …

In recent years the Parenteral Drug Association has issued several technical reports that
had a significant impact on the validation of steam sterilization. They provide more …

There are numerous sterilization methods available for use in the food, drug, device, and
biotechnology industries. Each sterilization method has its own advantages and …

A key consideration in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products is the prevention of cross-
contamination from other products in the facility, microbial contaminants, chemical …

Microorganisms are living organisms, and the environment in which they live can positively
and negatively affect them. The environmental stress exerted on the microorganism leads to …

A key consideration in the manufacture of regulated products is the determination of the
desired quality attributes for the product and providing manufacturing processes that can …