Bacteria and their viruses have coevolved for billions of years. This ancient and still ongoing
arms race has led bacteria to develop a vast antiphage arsenal. The development of high …

Due to recent discovery efforts, over 100 immune systems encoded by bacteria that
antagonize bacteriophage (phage) replication have been uncovered. These systems …

Bacterial anti-phage systems are frequently clustered in microbial genomes, forming
defense islands. This property enabled the recent discovery of multiple defense systems …

Bacteria and archaea have developed multiple antiviral mechanisms, and genomic
evidence indicates that several of these antiviral systems co-occur in the same strain. Here …

The co-evolution of prokaryotes, phages and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) has driven
the diversification of defense and anti-defense systems alike. Anti-defense proteins have …

The Gabija complex is a prokaryotic antiviral system consisting of the GajA and GajB
proteins. GajA was identified as a DNA nicking endonuclease but the functions of GajB and …

The constant arms race between bacteria and their parasites has resulted in a large diversity
of bacterial defenses, with many bacteria carrying multiple systems. Here, we report the …

In response to the persistent exposure to phage infection, bacteria have evolved diverse
antiviral defense mechanisms. In this study, we report a bacterial two-component defense …

Highlights•Temperate phages of Staphylococcus epidermidis facilitate horizontal gene
transfer.•Wall teichoic acid glycosylation determines binding of S. epidermidis phages.•The …

The current circulating pandemic El Tor biotype of Vibrio cholerae has persisted for over
sixty years and is characterized by its acquisition of two unique genomic islands called the …