The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in regulating the trafficking of fluid, solutes
and cells at the blood-brain interface and maintaining the homeostatic microenvironment of …

Traumatic brain injury leads to cellular damage which in turn results in the rapid release of
damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that prompt resident cells to release …

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that is often associated with
significant loss of function and/or permanent disability. The pathophysiology of SCI is …

Importance Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health concern that affects
individuals in all demographics. With increasing interest in the medical and public …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has one of the worst prognoses among patients with stroke.
Surgical measures have been adopted to relieve the mass effect of the hematoma, and …

Numerous studies have documented increases in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs),
specifically MMP-9 levels following stroke, with such perturbations associated with …

Traumatic spinal cord injury is a devastating insult followed by progressive cord atrophy and
neurodegeneration. Dysregulated or non-resolving inflammatory processes can disturb …

Virtually all phases of spinal cord injury pathogenesis, including inflammation, cell
proliferation and differentiation, as well as tissue remodeling, are mediated in part by …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10–15% of all strokes and is associated with
high mortality and morbidity. Currently, no effective medical treatment is available to improve …

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a particularly severe type of stroke for which
no specific treatment has been established yet. Although preclinical models of ICH have …