Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and allied photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy
have shown remarkable activity against bacterial pathogens in both planktonic and biofilm …

Biofilm-related multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a major problem in hospital-acquired
infections (HAIs) that increase patient morbidity and mortality rates and economic burdens …

Nearly 80% of human chronic infections are caused due to bacterial biofilm formation. This
is the most leading cause for failure of medical implants resulting in high morbidity and …

Biofilms are population of cells growing in a coordinated manner and exhibiting resistance
towards hostile environments. The infections associated with biofilms are difficult to control …

Escherichia coli is one of the species most frequently involved in biofilm-related diseases,
being especially important in urinary tract infections, causing relapses or chronic infections …

Implant-associated infections arising from biofilm development are known to have
detrimental effects with compromised quality of life for the patients, implying a progressing …

The alarming increase in antimicrobial resistance, based on the built-in abilities of bacteria
to nullify the activity of current antibiotics, leaves a growing number of bacterial infections …

Despite the discovery and development of an array of antimicrobial agents, multidrug
resistance poses a major threat to public health and progressively increases mortality …

Microbial biofilms pose a serious threat to patients requiring medical devices (MDs).
Prolonged periods of implantation carry a high risk of device‐related infections (DRIs) …

Due to the ever-increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacteria, research concerning
plant-derived compounds with antimicrobial mechanisms of action has been conducted …