Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the
global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes …

Given increased urgency to transition the global economy to net-zero CO 2 emission,
governments and industry have increased focus on decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors …

There has been an increased interest in the production of sustainable biochar in the past
years, as biochar shows versatile physicochemical properties and, can have a wide …

Biomass, which is derived from abundant renewable resources, is a promising alternative to
fossil-fuel-based carbon materials for building a green and sustainable society. Biomass …

Abstract Meeting the Paris Agreement will most likely require the combination of CO 2
capture and biomass in the industrial sector, resulting in net negative emissions. CO 2 …

The iron and steel industry accounts for about 20% of the annual industrial energy
utilization. The intensive fossil fuel consumption in steel industry is associated with CO 2 …

The blast furnace technology is still the main ironmaking route with a current global share of
70%. Reduction of fossil carbon consumption and CO 2 emissions in blast furnace …

The metallurgy industry consumes a considerable amount of coal and fossil fuels, and its
carbon dioxide emissions are increasing every year. Replacing coal with renewable, carbon …

A clean energy revolution is occurring across the world. As iron and steelmaking have a
tremendous impact on the amount of CO2 emissions, there is an increasing attraction …

Amongst the advanced biomass conversion technologies, thermochemical processes have
potential applicability, becoming the key technologies to support a new waste management …