This paper is the 29th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning 30 years of research. It summarizes papers …

Abstract Beta-endorphin (β-END) is an opioid neuropeptide which has an important role in
the development of hypotheses concerning the non-synaptic or paracrine communication of …

In rats, female sexual behavior is regulated by a well defined limbic–hypothalamic circuit
that integrates sensory and hormonal information. Estradiol activation of this circuit results in …

Our knowledge of membrane estrogenic signaling mechanisms and their interactions that
regulate physiology and behavior has grown rapidly over the past three decades. The …

Oestrogens (E) influence the activity of oxytocin (OT) producing neurons and heighten the
rate of transcription of the oxytocin receptor (OTR) gene. Working through synergistic …

Sex-related differences in the perception and modulation of pain have been reported. The
present study is the first to investigate systematically whether activation of opioid receptor …

Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is a neuropeptide that modulates pain transmission,
learning/memory, stress, anxiety, and fear responses via activation of the N/OFQ peptide …

The discoveries of rapid, membrane-initiated steroid actions and central nervous system
steroidogenesis have changed our understanding of the neuroendocrinology of …

The neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) inhibits neuronal activity via its cognate
nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptor throughout the peripheral and central nervous …

Energy homeostasis is regulated in coordinate fashion by the brain-gut axis, the homeostatic
energy balance circuitry in the hypothalamus and the hedonic energy balance circuitry …