The global plastics production has increased from 1.5 million tons in the 1950s to 335
million tons in 2016, with plastics discharged into virtually all components of the …

This review article summarises the sources, occurrence, fate and effects of plastic waste in
the marine environment. Due to its resistance to degradation, most plastic debris will persist …

Synthetic organic polymers—or plastics—did not enter widespread use until the 1950s. By
2015, global production had increased to 322 million metric tons (Mt) year− 1, which …

In this review we report new findings concerning interaction between marine debris and
wildlife. Deleterious effects and consequences of entanglement, consumption and …

Plastics are the most abundant form of marine debris, with global production rising and
documented impacts in some marine environments, but the influence of plastic on open …

This chapter traces the history of marine litter research from anecdotal reports of
entanglement and plastic ingestion in the 1960s to the current focus on microplastics and …

This review discusses the mechanisms of generation and potential impacts of microplastics
in the ocean environment. Weathering degradation of plastics on the beaches results in their …

The majority of plastic debris found in the marine environment has land based sources and
rivers are considered an important medium for transfer of this debris. Here we report on the …

Anthropogenic Marine Debris (AMD) in the SE Pacific has primarily local origins from land-
based sources, including cities (coastal and inland), beach-goers, aquaculture, and …

Previous researchers have broadly studied plastic pollution in the water ecosystem
worldwide, but the research topics development and performance trends in this study area …