Climate tipping elements are large-scale subsystems of the Earth that may transgress critical
thresholds (tipping points) under ongoing global warming, with substantial impacts on the …

Large-scale deforestation alters water availability through its direct effect on runoff
generation and indirect effect through forest-climate feedbacks. However, these direct and …

Forestation efforts are accelerating across the globe in the fight against global climate
change, in order to restore biodiversity, and to improve local livelihoods. Yet, so far the non …

Understanding the effects of intensification of Amazon basin hydrological cycling—manifest
as increasingly frequent floods and droughts—on water and energy cycles of tropical forests …

Large-scale afforestation programmes are generally presented as effective ways of
increasing the terrestrial carbon sink while preserving water availability and biodiversity. Yet …

Atmospheric heat has become a major public concern in a rapidly warming world.
Evapotranspiration, however, provides effective land surface cooling during the vegetation …

Understanding the spatial-temporal trends and variability of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is
important for promoting climate protection and water management. This study was based on …

The effects of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events have local, regional, and
global consequences for water regimes, causing floods or extreme drought events. Tropical …

Amazonia contains the most extensive tropical forests on Earth, but Amazon carbon sinks of
atmospheric CO2 are declining, as deforestation and climate-change-associated droughts …

Along with the accumulation of atmospheric greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide,
the loss of primary forests and other natural ecosystems is a major disruption of the Earth's …