The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbours a complex and dynamic population of
microorganisms, the gut microbiota, which exert a marked influence on the host during …

The study of islands as model systems has played an important role in the development of
evolutionary and ecological theory. The 50th anniversary of MacArthur and Wilson's …

In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter
than the" long lapse of ages" emphasized by Darwin—in fact, evolutionary change is …

The origin of biological diversity, via the formation of new species, can be inextricably linked
to adaptation to the ecological environment. Specifically, ecological processes are central to …

The subdiscipline of 'community phylogenetics' is rapidly growing and influencing thinking
regarding community assembly. In particular, phylogenetic dispersion of co‐occurring …

Hybridization has many and varied impacts on the process of speciation. Hybridization may
slow or reverse differentiation by allowing gene flow and recombination. It may accelerate …

Aim Higher‐elevation areas on islands and continental mountains tend to be separated by
longer distances, predicting higher endemism at higher elevations; our study is the first to …

Known for centuries, the geographical pattern of increasing biodiversity from the poles to the
equator is one of the most pervasive features of life on Earth. A longstanding goal of …

The human gut is populated with as many as 100 trillion cells, whose collective genome, the
microbiome, is a reflection of evolutionary selection pressures acting at the level of the host …

Island biogeography is the study of the distribution and dynamics of species in island
environments. Due to their isolation from more widespread continental species, islands are …