Plastid genes are transcribed by two types of RNA polymerase in angiosperms: the bacterial
type plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) and one (RPOTp in monocots) or two (RPOTp …

Chloroplast research takes significant advantage of genomics and genome sequencing, and
a new picture is emerging of how the chloroplast functions and communicates with other …

Nonphotosynthetic plants possess strongly reconfigured plastomes attributable to
convergent losses of photosynthesis and housekeeping genes, making them excellent …

Transcription in plastids is mediated by a plastid-encoded multimeric (PEP) and a nuclear-
encoded single-subunit RNA polymerase (NEP) and a still unknown number of nuclear …

Compared with small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) in other organisms, those in plants are
the most abundant and diverse. However, the molecular mechanisms by which sHSPs are …

Although genomes of mitochondria and plastids are very small compared to those of their
bacterial ancestors, the transcription machineries of these organelles are of surprising …

Gene expression in plastids of higher plants is dependent on two different transcription
machineries, a plastid-encoded bacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) and a nuclear …

Most studies of eukaryotic gene regulation have been done looking at mature mRNA levels.
Nevertheless, the steady-state mRNA level is the result of two opposing factors: transcription …

RNA editing changes the sequence of many transcripts in plant organelles, but little is
known about the molecular mechanisms determining the specificity of the process. In this …

Plastid genes are expressed at high levels in photosynthetically active chloroplasts but are
generally believed to be drastically downregulated in nongreen plastids. The genome-wide …