Mendelian randomization (MR) is a term that applies to the use of genetic variation to
address causal questions about how modifiable exposures influence different outcomes …

Emerging evidence has spurred a considerable evolution of concepts relating to
atherosclerosis, and has called into question many previous notions. Here I review this …

The American College of Cardiology (ACC) has a long history of developing documents (eg,
decision pathways, health policy statements, appropriate use criteria) to provide members …

OP-EHEA191011_online 2313..2340 Page 1 Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic
cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a consensus …

Background Genetic, observational, and clinical intervention studies indicate that circulating
levels of triglycerides and cholesterol transported in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (remnant …

Background Circulating lipoprotein lipids cause coronary heart disease (CHD). However,
the precise way in which one or more lipoprotein lipid-related entities account for this …

Horizontal pleiotropy occurs when the variant has an effect on disease outside of its effect on
the exposure in Mendelian randomization (MR). Violation of the 'no horizontal …

The discovery of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone with important effects
on glycemic control and body weight regulation, led to efforts to extend its half-life and make …

Pleiotropy, the phenomenon of a single genetic variant influencing multiple traits, is likely
widespread in the human genome. If pleiotropy arises because the single nucleotide …

Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants to determine whether an observational
association between a risk factor and an outcome is consistent with a causal effect. 1 …