A fractional-N frequency synthesizer inherently exhibits spurs by virtue of the fact that its
output frequency is not an integer multiple of its reference frequency. Until recently, it …

The fundamentals and state of the art in fractional-N phase-locked-loop (PLL)-based
frequency synthesis are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on delta-sigma fractional-N …

This paper demonstrates that spurious tones in the output of a fractional-N PLL can be
reduced by replacing the DeltaSigma modulator with a new type of digital quantizer and …

The book Computer Applications in Engineering and Management is about computer
applications in management, electrical engineering, electronics engineering, and civil …

A fast-settling adaptive calibration technique is presented that makes phase noise
cancelling DeltaSigma fractional-N PLLs practical for the low reference frequencies …

Theoretical sufficient conditions are presented that ensure that the quantization noise from
every constituent digital delta-sigma (DeltaSigma) modulator in a multistage digital …

Non-linear voltage-to-frequency characteristic of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)
severely curtails the dynamic range of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) built with VCOs …

This book describes several Digital Delta-Sigma Modulator (DDSM) architectures, including
multi stage noise shaping (MASH), error feedback modulator (EFM) and single quantizer …

Fractional-N frequency synthesizers based on phase-locked loops exhibit spurious tones
(spurs) that result from interactions between the accumulated output of the divider controller …

The digital multistage-noise-shaping (MASH) ΣΔ modulators used in fractional frequency
synthesizers are prone to spur tone generation in their output spectrum. In this paper, the …