▪ Abstract Most prokaryotic signal-transduction systems and a few eukaryotic pathways use
phosphotransfer schemes involving two conserved components, a histidine protein kinase …

Nitrogen metabolism in prokaryotes involves the coordinated expression of a large number
of enzymes concerned with both utilization of extracellular nitrogen sources and intracellular …

We present a comprehensive overview of the hierarchical network of intracellular processes
revolving around central nitrogen metabolism in Escherichia coli. The hierarchy intertwines …

Two-component signal transduction systems, comprised of histidine kinases and their
response regulator substrates, are the predominant means by which bacteria sense and …

The global transcriptional regulator CtrA controls multiple events in the Caulobacter cell
cycle, including the initiation of DNA replication, DNA methylation, cell division, and flagellar …

The plant hormone cytokinin regulates many aspects of growth and development. Cytokinin
signaling involves His kinase receptors that perceive cytokinin and transmit the signal via a …

The bioluminescent marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi controls light production (lux) by an
elaborate quorum‐sensing circuit. V. harveyi produces and responds to two different …

Current estimates indicate that nearly a third of the world's population is latently infected with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Reduced oxygen tension and nitric oxide exposure are two …

Several members of the two‐component signal transduction family have been implicated in
the control of polar development in Caulobacter crescentus: PleC and DivJ, two polarly …

In the higher plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, results from recent intensive studies suggested that
His-to-Asp phosphorelay mechanisms are involved presumably in propagation of …