From protists to humans, all animals and plants are inhabited by microbial organisms. There
is an increasing appreciation that these resident microbes influence the fitness of their plant …

Chemosynthetic symbioses between bacteria and marine invertebrates were discovered 30
years ago at hydrothermal vents on the Galapagos Rift. Remarkably, it took the discovery of …

Molluscs comprise the second largest phylum of animals (after arthropods), occurring in
virtually all habitats. Some are commercially important, a few are pests and some carry …

Organisms capable of autotrophic metabolism assimilate inorganic carbon into organic
carbon. They form an integral part of ecosystems by making an otherwise unavailable form …

The ε-proteobacteria have recently been recognized as globally ubiquitous in modern
marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and have had a significant role in biogeochemical and …

Deep-sea vents support productive ecosystems driven primarily by chemoautotrophs.
Chemoautotrophs are organisms that are able to fix inorganic carbon using a chemical …

Prokaryotes inhabiting in the deep sea vent ecosystem will thus experience harsh conditions
of temperature, pH, salinity or high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) stress. Among the fifty-two …

A novel mesophilic bacterium, strain GO25T, was isolated from a nest of hydrothermal vent
polychaetes, Paralvinella sp., at the Iheya North field in the Mid-Okinawa Trough. Cells were …

Deep-sea vents are the light-independent, highly productive ecosystems driven primarily by
chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms, in particular by ε-Proteobacteria phylogenetically …

Waters from an extensive sulfide-rich aquifer emerge in the Frasassi cave system, where
they mix with oxygen-rich percolating water and cave air over a large surface area. The …