Objective Concern exists about possible problems with later-in-life brain health, such as
cognitive impairment, mental health problems and neurological diseases, in former athletes …

There are mounting concerns surrounding the risk of neurodegenerative diseases and
complications associated with concussion incidence and repetitive head acceleration events …

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy associated with
repetitive head impacts (RHI), but the components of RHI exposure underlying this …

Importance Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease;
understanding ALS risk factors is a critical public health issue. Objectives To evaluate the …

Background Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease that
has been neuropathologically diagnosed in brain donors exposed to repetitive head …

Recent research concludes that professional American football players (hereafter,“football
players”) live longer than American men in general, despite experiencing higher rates of …

As highly visible organizations, professional sports teams provide a context to examine the
reproduction of racial hierarchies over time. This study analyzes racial segregation …

Athletes participating in contact sports are exposed to repetitive subconcussive head
impacts that may have long-term neurological consequences. To better understand these …

Importance Exposure to repetitive head impacts from playing American football (including
impacts resulting in symptomatic concussions and subconcussive trauma) is associated with …

Background Professional athletes seem to have a lower overall mortality risk than the
general population, but controversy exists about whether athletes in sports associated with …