The existence of subsets of CD4+ helper T lymphocytes that differ in their cytokine secretion
patterns and effector functions provides a framework for understanding the heterogeneity of …

Tim R. Mosmann and Subash Sad he T helper 1 (Thl) and Th2 patterns of cytokine
production were originally described among mouse CD4'T-cell clone@ and later among …

Induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance are important mechanisms to maintain
the balance of the immune system. In addition to the deletion of T cells and their failure to …

Abstract 1α, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitD3) is an immunoregulatory hormone with
beneficial effects on Th1 mediated autoimmune diseases. Although the inhibitory effects of …

CD4+ T cells have a crucial role in mediating protection against a variety of pathogens
through production of specific cytokines. However, substantial heterogeneity in CD4+ T-cell …

AT helper cell type 1–mediated colitis develops in severe combined immunodeficient mice
after transfer of CD45RBhigh CD4+ T cells and can be prevented by cotransfer of the …

The T helper lymphocyte is responsible for orchestrating the appropriate immune response
to a wide variety of pathogens. The recognition of the polarized T helper cell subsets Th1 …

▪ Abstract T helper lymphocytes can be divided into two distinct subsets of effector cells
based on their functional capabilities and the profile of cytokines they produce. The Th1 …

Abstract Naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells undergo unique developmental programs after
activation, resulting in the generation of effector and long-lived memory T cells. Recent …

Although B cells produce cytokines it is not known whether B cells can differentiate into
effector subsets that secrete polarized arrays of cytokines. We have identified two …