Snake envenomation employs three well integrated strategies: prey immobilization via
hypotension, prey immobilization via paralysis, and prey digestion. Purines (adenosine …

The prevalence of hypertension is increased in winter and in cold regions of the world. Cold
temperatures make hypertension worse and trigger cardiovascular complications (stroke …

The catecholamines are widely distributed in mammals and their levels and physiological
functions are regulated at many sites. These include their release from neuroendocrine …

The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in the regulation of metabolism, oxygen consumption,
and the release of energy in the form of heat to maintain the body. Even at rest, these …

The aim of the present study was to assess our hypothesis that the renin-angiotensin system
(RAS) is responsible for cold-induced hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Two groups of …

Many neurodegenerative disorders are associated with rapid eye movement sleep (REMS)
loss; however, the mechanism was unknown. As REMS loss elevates noradrenaline (NA) …

Cardiac function depends mainly on mitochondrial metabolism. Cold conditions increase the
risk of cardiovascular diseases by increasing blood pressure. Adaptive thermogenesis leads …

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland and acts on
the thyroid gland to induce the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones (Hall and Hall …

BACKGROUND Supplementation with L-citrulline (L-cit) has shown attenuating effects on
blood pressure (BP) and pulse-wave-reflection responses (augmentation index (AIx)) to …

Exposure to acute stressors activates both the hypothalamic-pituitary–adrenal (HPA) and
cardiovascular systems. Prior chronic stress enhances HPA responses to novel, acute …