Asphaltum, often referred to as bitumen, is a naturally occurring form of petroleum that was
used by ancient cultures for thousands of years. Asphaltum deposits are found throughout …

Abstract Background Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the main toxic
compounds in natural bitumen, a fossil material used by modern and ancient societies …

Sequential models can be used to connect raw material culture to broader social, economic,
and religious processes. The present study explores an asphaltum (bitumen) production …

An unusual feature was discovered during recent test excavations at CA-SNI-240 on San
Nicolas Island, California. The feature was layered with the upper layer containing an …

This thesis seeks to understand exotic lithic technological organization from San Nicolas
Island. This study examines the exotic lithic artifacts and debitage from the Tule Creek Site …