The adaptive immune response mediated by T cells is critical for control of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection in humans. However, the M. tuberculosis antigens …

Globally, about 36.7 million people were living with HIV infection at the end of 2015. The
most frequent infection co-occurring with HIV-1 is Mycobacterium tuberculosis—374,000 …

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has represented a major advancement in the care of people
living with HIV (PLWHH), resulting in significant reductions in morbidity and mortality through …

Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection interfere and impact
the pathogenesis phenomena of each other. Owing to atypical clinical presentations and …

Background Patients co-infected with advanced HIV and tuberculosis are at risk of
tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and death …

Studies using the nonhuman primate model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis/simian
immunodeficiency virus coinfection have revealed protective CD4+ T cell–independent …

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) occurs in up to 40% of individuals co-
infected with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and HIV, primarily upon antiretroviral therapy …

To determine the immunological profile most important for IRIS prediction, we evaluated 20
baseline plasma biomarkers in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients …

Both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and mycobacterial immune reconstitution
inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in patients with HIV-1 infection result from immunopathology …

The lethal combination involving TB and HIV, known as “syndemic” diseases, synergistically
act upon one another to magnify the disease burden. Individuals on anti-retroviral therapy …