Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the most severe public health
challenge in this century. Two years after its emergence, the rapid development and …

Simple Summary This review article comprehensively discussed the evolution of the SARS-
CoV-2 virus since its initial outbreak in 2019. Specifically, we have provided insights into the …

The continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the emergence of several new Omicron
subvariants, including BQ. 1, BQ. 1.1, BA. 4.6, BF. 7, and BA. 2.75. 2. Here, we examine the …

After the global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA. 2, some BA. 2 subvariants,
including BA. 2.9. 1, BA. 2.11, BA. 2.12. 1, BA. 4, and BA. 5, emerged in multiple countries …

Omicron Neutralization after Covid-19 Vaccination After two doses of mRNA vaccine, health
care workers had less viral neutralizing-antibody activity against the BA. 4/5 and BA. 2.12. 1 …

Omicron subvariants continuingly challenge current vaccination strategies. Here, we
demonstrate nearly complete escape of the XBB. 1.5, CH. 1.1, and CA. 3.1 variants from …

Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 requires the reassessment of current vaccine measures. Here, we
characterized BA. 2.86 and XBB-derived variant FLip by investigating their neutralization …

Summary The newly emerged BA. 2.75 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) variant contains 9 additional mutations in its spike (S) protein compared to …

We investigate JN. 1-derived subvariants SLip, FLiRT, and KP. 2 for neutralization by
antibodies in vaccinated individuals, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …

Immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2 paired with immune imprinting from monovalent mRNA
vaccines has resulted in attenuated neutralizing antibody responses against Omicron …