Inflammation is the common pathological basis of autoimmune diseases, metabolic
diseases, malignant tumors, and other major chronic diseases. Inflammation plays an …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein and
prions use common pathogenic pathways to induce toxicity in neurons. Infectious prions …

Severe viral infections, including SARS-COV-2, could trigger disruption of the balance
between pro-oxidant and antioxidant mediators; the magnitude of which could reflect the …

COVID-19 has represented an issue for global health since its outbreak in March 2020. It is
now evident that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) …

Theophylline (3-methyxanthine) is a historically prominent drug used to treat respiratory
diseases, alone or in combination with other drugs. The rapid onset of the COVID-19 …

Abstract The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has become a global crisis.
In the immunopathogenesis of COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection induces an excessive …

Objectives T-helper 17 cell-mediated response and their effector IL-17 cytokine induced by
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a major cause …

ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, SCV2), which has resulted in higher morbidity and …

Background With high inflammatory states from both COVID-19 and HIV conditions further
result in complications. The ongoing confrontation between these two viral infections can be …

SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause a severe respiratory distress syndrome with inflammatory
and thrombotic complications, the severity of which increases with patients' age and …