Synzoochory is the dispersal of seeds by seed-caching animals. The animal partner in this
interaction plays a dual role, acting both as seed disperser and seed predator. We propose …

ABSTRACT A mechanistic understanding of seed movement and survival is important both
for the development of theoretical models of plant population dynamics, spatial spread, and …

Seed dispersal by animals is a complex phenomenon, characterized by multiple
mechanisms and variable outcomes. Most researchers approach this complexity by …

Zoochory is an ecologically and evolutionarily important seed dispersal type. The decline
and extinction of seed-dispersing large herbivores severely threatens dispersal-driven …

Frugivory, that is feeding on fruits, pulp or seeds by animals, is usually considered a
mutualism when interactions involve seed dispersal, and an antagonism when it results in …

Consistent individual tendencies in behaviour, or behavioural types, are likely to impact the
dynamics and outcomes of animal‐mediated seed dispersal. We review the extant literature …

Conditional mutualisms involve costs and benefits that vary with environmental factors, but
mechanisms driving these dynamics remain poorly understood. Scatterhoarder–plant …

Mutualism or antagonism between species is often investigated within the framework of
monotonic interactions of either mutualism or antagonism, but studies on transition from …

The outcome of many ecological interactions lies somewhere along a continuum between
pure positive and pure negative effects. Although the popularity of this idea has notoriously …

Interactions between plants and scatter‐hoarding animals may shift from mutualism to
predation as a function of the resources available to those animals. Because seed species …