Stress and anxiety have intertwined behavioral and neural underpinnings. These
commonalities are critical for understanding each state, as well as their mutual interactions …

Most animals live under constant threat from predators, and predation has been a major
selective force in shaping animal behaviour. Nevertheless, defence responses against …

All organisms possess innate behavioural and physiological programmes that ensure
survival. In order to have maximum adaptive benefit, these programmes must be sufficiently …

Glucocorticoids hormones (GC s) are intuitively important for mediation of age‐dependent
vertebrate life‐history transitions through their effects on ontogeny alongside underpinning …

The discovery of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or CRH defining the upper regulatory
arm of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, along with the identification of the …

Fish body growth is a trait of major importance for individual survival and reproduction. It has
implications in population, ecology, and evolution. Somatic growth is controlled by the …

Vertebrate Endocrinology, Sixth Edition, provides a comprehensive, up-to-date treatment of
the endocrine system for college and university students as well as researchers. This book is …

Like all other vertebrate groups, amphibian responses to the environment are mediated
through the brain (hypothalamic)-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/I) axis and the …

Stress can trigger enduring changes in neural circuits and synapses. The behavioral and
hormonal consequences of stress can also be transmitted to others, but whether this …

We present a framework to explain how prey stress responses to predation can resolve
context dependency in ecosystem properties and functions such as food chain length …