Dental enamel is the hardest and most mineralized tissue in extinct and extant vertebrate
species and provides maximum durability that allows teeth to function as weapons and/or …

PTH and Vitamin D are two major regulators of mineral metabolism. They play critical roles
in the maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis as well as the development and …

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) plays a critical function in many tissues of the body: for example, as
part of the hydroxyapatite in the skeleton and as a substrate for ATP synthesis. Pi is the main …

Phosphate is one of the most abundant minerals in the body, and its serum levels are
regulated by a complex set of processes occurring in the intestine, skeleton, and kidneys …

Rickets is a bone disease associated with abnormal serum calcium and phosphate levels.
The clinical presentation is heterogeneous and depends on the age of onset and …

Kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis) is a common problem that can be associated with
alterations in urinary solute composition including hypercalciuria. Studies suggest that the …

In contrast to the regulation of calcium homeostasis, which has been extensively studied
over the past several decades, relatively little is known about the regulation of phosphate …

In children, hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) is revealed by delayed walking, waddling gait,
leg bowing, enlarged cartilages, bone pain, craniostenosis, spontaneous dental abscesses …

Somatostatin receptor imaging (SRI) with [111 In-DTPA 0] octreotide has proven its role in
the diagnosis and staging of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs) …

Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH) is characterized by severe hypercalcemia with failure
to thrive, vomiting, dehydration, and nephrocalcinosis. Recently, mutations in the vitamin D …