Redox reactions play important roles in almost all biological processes, including
photosynthesis and respiration, which are two essential energy processes that sustain all life …

1. History 3422. Activation barriers 3432.1 Redox potentials 3442.2 Reorganization energy
3443. Electronic coupling 3454. Ru-modified proteins 3484.1 Reorganization energy …

Recent investigations have shed much light on the nuclear and electronic factors that control
the rates of long-range electron tunneling through molecules in aqueous and organic …

All electron-transfer reactions are presumed to involve a significant reorganizational energy
representing a combination of (i) the internal changes in bond lengths and angles due to …

Cation− π interactions between amino acid side chains are increasingly being recognized
as important structural and functional features of proteins and other biomolecules. Although …

The rapid electron-transfer reaction of the blue copper protein azurin adsorbed on different
electrodes (pyrolytic graphite “edge”(PGE) and gold modified with self-assembled …

Our previous studies have shown that the rate constant for intramolecular electron transfer
(IET) between the heme and molybdenum centers of chicken liver sulfite oxidase varies …

The current understanding of electron tunneling through proteins has come from work on
systems where donors and acceptors are held at fixed distances and orientations. The …

A new approach for studying intramolecular electron transfer in multicenter enzymes is
described. Two fumarate reductases, adsorbed on an electrode in a fully active state, have …

Using nanometer thick tunneling barriers with specifically attached cytochrome c, the
electron-transfer rate constant was studied as a function of the SAM composition (alkane …