Before the industrial revolution, the atmospheric CO 2 concentration was 180–330 ppm;
however, fossil-fuel combustion and forest destruction have led to increased atmospheric …

The 5th Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) states with very high certainty that anthropogenic emissions have caused …

Soil fertility depends on vegetation cover, climatic conditions and soil-specific edaphic
factors that regulate transformation processes of plant residues and organic matter. Soil …

Ocean acidification, a complex phenomenon that lowers seawater pH, is the net outcome of
several contributions. They include the dissolution of increasing atmospheric CO 2 that adds …

Introduction Shallow hydrothermal vents are considered natural laboratories to study the
effects of acidification on biota, due to the consistent CO2 emissions with a consequent …

Human activity is generating an excess of atmospheric CO 2, resulting in what we know as
ocean acidification, which produces changes in marine ecosystems. Until recently, most of …

Intertidal microbial communities occur as biofilms or microphytobenthos (MPB) which are
sediment-attached assemblages of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, algae, diatoms embedded in …

In marine ecosystems, fluctuations in surface-seawater carbon dioxide (CO 2), significantly
influence the whole metabolism of marine algae, especially during the early stages of …

The increasing quantity of plastic waste in the ocean is providing a growing and more
widespread novel habitat for microbes. Plastics have taxonomically distinct microbial …

Geological storage of CO 2 is a fast-developing technology that can mitigate rising carbon
emissions. However, there are environmental concerns with the long-term storage and …