Abstract The Galileo mission to Jupiter revealed that Europa is an ocean world. The Galileo
magnetometer experiment in particular provided strong evidence for a salty subsurface …

The habitability of Europa is a property within a system, which is driven by a multitude of
physical and chemical processes and is defined by many interdependent parameters, so …

The ice shells of icy satellites have been hypothesized to undergo nonsynchronous rotation
(NSR) under the influence of tidal torques and/or ocean currents. In this work, the author …

We numerically explore convection and general circulation of an ocean, encased in a
spherical shell of uniform thickness, heated from below by a spatially uniform heat flux, and …

Europa and Enceladus, respective moons of Jupiter and Saturn, are prime targets in the
exploration of potentially habitable extraterrestrial ocean worlds. Organic material could be …

The presence of salt in seawater strongly affects the melt rate and the shape evolution of ice,
both of utmost relevance in ice–ocean interactions and thus for the climate. To get a better …

It has been long puzzling whether the ice thickness variations observed on Enceladus can
be sustained solely by a polar-amplified bottom heating. The key to this question is to …

Accreted ice retains and preserves traces of the ocean from which it formed. In this work, we
study two classes of accreted ice found on Earth—frazil ice, which forms through …

The circulation in Europa's ocean determines the degree of thermal, mechanical and
chemical coupling between the ice shell and the silicate mantle. Using global direct …

A new global high-resolution stereogrammetric and photogrammetric topographic map and
updated 3-color global mosaic of Enceladus reveal that the shape of this active icy ocean …