Cellular hypoxia occurs when the demand for sufficient molecular oxygen needed to
produce the levels of ATP required to perform physiological functions exceeds the vascular …

Hypoxia is a remarkable trait of the tumor microenvironment (TME). When facing selective
pressure, tumor cells show various adaptive characteristics, such as changes in the …

While oxygen is critical to the continued existence of complex organisms, extreme levels of
oxygen within a system, known as hypoxia (low levels of oxygen) and hyperoxia (excessive …

Summary Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a central regulator for detecting and adapting to
cellular oxygen levels, transcriptionally activates genes modulating oxygen homeostasis …

The gastrointestinal tract is a highly proliferative and regenerative tissue. The intestine also
harbors a large and diverse microbial population collectively called the gut microbiome …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are naturally occurring, highly conserved families of transcripts (∼ 22
nucleotides in length) that are processed from larger hairpin precursors. miRNAs primarily …

The decline of oxygen tension in the tissues below the physiological demand leads to the
hypoxic adaptive response. This physiological consequence enables cells to recover from …

Obesity and associated chronic inflammation initiate a state of insulin resistance (IR). The
secretion of chemoattractants such as MCP-1 and MIF and of cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL …

Hypoxia has long been linked to the Warburg effect, yet the underlying mechanism remains
largely unclear. It is also not known if lncRNAs are involved in the contribution of hypoxia to …

The identification of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), fumarate hydratase (FH) and
isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in human cancers has rekindled the idea that …