The health-care facility environment is rarely implicated in disease transmission, except
among patients who are immunocompromised. Nonetheless, inadvertent exposures to …

The control of labor pain and prevention of suffering are major concerns of clinicians and
their clients. Nonpharmacologic approaches toward these goals are consistent with …

Background Enthusiasts suggest that labouring in water and waterbirth increase maternal
relaxation, reduce analgesia requirements and promote a midwifery model of care. Critics …

Nonpharmacologic measures to reduce labor pain have been used throughout history.
Despite reports that some of these methods reduce pain, increase maternal satisfaction, and …

This review evaluated the effect of complementary and alternative medicine on pain during
labor with conventional scientific methods using electronic data bases through 2006 were …

Objectives To assess the effects of nonpharmacologic approaches to pain relief during
labor, according to their endogenous mechanism of action, on obstetric interventions …

Praise for the previous edition:" This... edition is timely, useful, well organized, and should be
in the bags of all doulas, nurses, midwives, physicians, and students involved in childbirth." …

Background Water immersion during labour and birth is increasingly popular and is
becoming widely accepted across many countries, and particularly in midwifery‐led care …

Objective To review systematically techniques proposed to prevent perineal trauma during
childbirth and meta-analyze the evidence of their efficacy from randomized controlled trials …

Aims and objectives To compare and rank the efficacy and safety of non‐pharmacological
interventions in the management of labour pain. Background Recently, various non …