Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps have come to prominence in human and veterinary
pathogenesis because they help bacteria protect themselves against the antimicrobials …

The determination of the crystal structures of small-molecule transporters has shed light on
the conformational changes that take place during structural isomerization from outward-to …

Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are a global threat with many common infections
becoming increasingly difficult to eliminate. While significant effort has gone into the …

Membrane transporters are integral membrane proteins that mediate the passage of solutes
across lipid bilayers. These proteins undergo conformational transitions between outward …

Tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters are secondary-active
transporters that receive their substrates via a soluble-binding protein to move bioorganic …

Uptake of nucleobases and ascorbate is an essential process in all living organisms
mediated by SLC23 transport proteins. These transmembrane carriers operate via the …

To fully understand the transport mechanism of Na+/H+ exchangers, it is necessary to
clearly establish the global rearrangements required to facilitate ion translocation. Currently …

Antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens continues to pose a serious global health
threat. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of the Gram-negative organism Acinetobacter …

Secondary transporters use alternating-access mechanisms to couple uphill substrate
movement to downhill ion flux. Most known transporters use a'rocking bundle'motion …

In bacteria and archaea, tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporters uptake
essential nutrients. TRAP transporters receive their substrates via a secreted soluble …