During their evolution, plants have acquired the ability to produce a huge variety of
compounds. Unlike the specialized metabolites that accumulate in limited numbers of …

Under natural conditions, plants constantly encounter various biotic and abiotic factors,
which can potentially restrict plant growth and development and even limit crop productivity …

Introduction Darwin famously characterized the rapid rise and early diversification of
flowering plants (angiosperms) in the fossil record as an “abominable mystery.” Identifying …

Lignin is the generic term for a large group of aromatic polymers resulting from the oxidative
combinatorial coupling of 4-hydroxyphenylpropanoids (Boerjan et al., 2003; Ralph et al …

Cytochrome P450 system consists of P450 monooxygenase and redox pattern (s). While the
importance of monooxygenases in plant metabolism is well documented, the metabolic roles …

The evolution of lignin biosynthesis was critical in the transition of plants from an aquatic to
an upright terrestrial lifestyle. Lignin is assembled by oxidative polymerization of two major …

The phenylpropanoid pathway serves as a rich source of metabolites in plants and provides
precursors for lignin biosynthesis. Lignin first appeared in tracheophytes and has been …

Lignin, a phenolic polymer derived mainly from hydroxycinnamyl alcohols, is ubiquitously
present in tracheophytes. The development of lignin biosynthesis has been considered to be …

Being by far the largest family of enzymes to support plant metabolism, the cytochrome
P450s (CYPs) constitute an excellent reporter of metabolism architecture and evolution. The …

All photosynthetic multicellular Eukaryotes, including land plants and algae, have cells that
are surrounded by a dynamic, complex, carbohydrate-rich cell wall. The cell wall exerts …