A review of the impact of the cold-ion and cold-electron populations in the Earth's
magnetosphere is presented. The cold populations are defined by total energy less than …

Abstract The Van Allen Probes Electric Fields and Waves (EFW) instrument provided
measurements of electric fields and spacecraft floating potentials over a wide dynamic range …

The rapid proliferation of online content producing and sharing technologies resulted in an
explosion of user-generated content (UGC), which now extends to scientific data. Citizen …

Artificial intelligence (AI) can perform core research tasks such as generating research
questions, processing data, and solving problems. We shift the focus from AI as a “worker” to …

The lower-thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) system consists of the upper atmosphere and the
lower part of the ionosphere and as such comprises a complex system coupled to both the …

We present the first observations of ionospheric phenomena using the newly deployed
Transition Region Explorer (TREx) Spectrograph. On the night of 10 April 2018, STEVE …

We present three STEVE (strong thermal emission velocity enhancement) events in
conjunction with Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions (THEMIS) in the …

We report on a novel scenario of subauroral arcs within strong subauroral ion drifts (SAID)‐
STEVE and Picket Fence. Their explanation requires a local source of low‐energy, ε< 18.75 …

During the 17 March 2015 geomagnetic storm, citizen scientist observations from Dunedin
(45.95° S, 170.32° E), New Zealand, revealed a bright wide red arc known as stable auroral …

We present a unified approach to subauroral arcs within intense subauroral ion drifts (SAID),
which explains the observed transition of a precursor Stable Auroral Red (SAR) arc into …